Sharing R&D Risk in Healthcare via FDA Hedges

Financing for Healthcare in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia: Risk Pooling & Risk-Sharing Arrangements; Essential Strategy for Overcoming Poverty Costs

Etiquettes of Data Sharing in Healthcare and Healthcare Research

Our studies suggest that data is not an unencumbered commodity but that it comes entangled with obligations: sharing data reflects a nexus of rights, obligations and expectations associated with collegiality, data ownership, confidentiality, IPR, competitive advantage, ethics, and other organisational, personal and professional concerns. These concerns do not simply dissolve in the face of the ...

Galois Connections with Hedges

We introduce (fuzzy) Galois connections with hedges. Fuzzy Galois connections are basic structures behind so-called formal concept analysis of data with fuzzy attributes. Introducing hedges to Galois connections means introducing two parameters. The parameters influence the size of the set of all the fixpoints of a Galois connection. In the sense of formal concept analysis, the fixpoints, calle...

Law invariant risk measures on L∞(Rd)

Kusuoka (2001) has obtained explicit representation theorems for comonotone risk measures and, more generally, for law invariant risk measures. These theorems pertain, like most of the previous literature, to the case of scalar-valued risks. Jouini-Meddeb-Touzi (2004) and Burgert-Rüschendorf (2006) extended the notion of risk measures to the vector-valued case. Recently Ekeland-Galichon-Henry (...

Linguistic Logics with Hedges

Human knowledge is commonly expressed linguistically, i.e., truth of vague sentences is given in linguistic terms, and many hedges are often used simultaneously to state different levels of emphasis. In this paper, we propose an axiomatization of mathematical fuzzy logic with many hedges where each hedge does not have any dual one. Then, we present linguistic logics built based on the proposed ...